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Figure 2. The COOH terminus of β-catenin restricts binding to cadherin. COOH terminus of β-catenin competes cadherin, but not TCF binding. (A) Schematic shows where α-catenin, cadherin, and TCF interact with β-catenin (Huber et al., 1997; Graham et al., 2000; Pokutta and Weis, 2000; Huber and Weis, 2001). (B) The COOH terminus of β-catenin binds the arm repeat region of β-catenin in yeast-two hybrid (Cox et al., 1999) and recombinant protein assays (Piedra et al., 2001). (C) COOH-terminal region of β-catenin competes β-catenin binding to cad-GST, but not to TCF-GST fusion protein. Recombinant β-catenin (1.5 μg) purified from baculovirus (Suh and Gumbiner, 2003) was incubated with cadherin-GST (2 μg) or TCF-GST (2.4 μg) coupled agarose beads in the presence of increasing amounts of β-catenin COOH-terminal peptide (amino acids 695–781). Affinity precipitates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with an antibody to β-catenin. (D) Cadherin-GST preferentially depletes the fraction of β-catenin recognized by a COOH-terminal mAb (M5.2). A cytosolic fraction from Rat1/Wnt cells was affinity precipitated (×3) with cadherin-GST (lanes 1–3). The cad-GST nonbinding pool (lanes 4 and 5) was divided in two and immunoprecipitated with either an mAb that recognizes a COOH-terminal β-catenin epitope (βC-mAb (M5.2), lane 4) or an NH2-terminal β-catenin epitope (βN-mAb (1.1), lane 5). As a control, these antibodies were used to immunoprecipitate β-catenin from the total starting material (not previously depleted with cad-GST; lanes 6 and 7). Image published in: Gottardi CJ and Gumbiner BM (2004) Copyright © 2004, The Rockefeller University Press. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license Larger Image Printer Friendly View |