XB-IMG-125740
Xenbase Image ID: 125740
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Figure 1. Remodeling of the metabolome during early X.laevis development.(A) Dendrogram and heat map showing the wide-spread remodeling of the metabolome in early development. On three different days, three different male/female pairs were bred in vitro to obtain clutches of unfertilized eggs (time = 0) and early embryos at various times post-fertilization (pf) at18°C. Single eggs or embryos were rapidly quenched, extracted, and subjected to metabolomic analysis. Metabolite levels were expressed relative to the average value for that metabolite in the egg samples. The ratios were calculated separately for the three different clutches. The metabolites (rows) were then clustered hierarchically and ratios plotted on a color scale. For each time point n = 3–4. (B) The timing of key events in early X.laevis development at 18°C. Groups of 5 embryos from the same mating were harvested at the indicated time points post-fertilization (pf) and extracts prepared for western blotting. The Nieuwkoop-Faber (N-F) stage of embryos was recorded [48]. Y15 on Cdc2 phosphorylation rose 8 hours pf indicating that cell cycles had begun to slow and embryos were entering the MBT. Bottle cells appeared on embryos 13 hours pf indicating the start of gastrulation. (C–E) Plots of individual metabolite abundance relative to the value measured in eggs during early development. For each single egg or embryo, each metabolite abundance was divided by the average egg value for that metabolite. This ratio was then log2 transformed (n = 3-4± 1SD). These data are the same data presented in (A). The three clutches were plotted separately (black: clutch 1, green: clutch 2, blue: clutch 3). (F) Illustration of the embryos harvested at the indicated hours post fertilization. The corresponding Nieuwkoop-Faber stages are also indicated. Image published in: Vastag L et al. (2011) Vastag et al. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View |