Xenbase Image ID: 135993

Fig. 2. Injection of PRDM12 mRNA inhibits neural crest formation via trimethylation of histone H3K9. (A) The PRDM12 protein structure showing a PR/SET domain (black box) and multiple zinc-finger domains (gray boxes). (B) A control embryo at stage 38. (C) An embryo injected with PRDM12 mRNA (1000 pg/embryos) into the animal pole at the two-cell stage showing the small head and pigmentation defects. (D–O) WISH analysis of expressed transcripts at the mid-neurula stage, with anterior views of each embryo. (D–I) The expression of neural crest markers (Foxd3, Slug, and Sox9) was diminished in embryos injected with PRDM12 mRNA (1000 pg/embryo) at the two-cell stage. In contrast, (J–O) the expression of the presumptive trigeminal placode (Islet1), early pan-placode (Six1), and neural marker (Sox2) remained largely unchanged. (P) RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of the neural crest markers was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by injection of PRDM12 mRNA into Chd and Wnt8 mRNA-injected animal caps. (Q) Western blot analysis with antibodies against trimethylated histones H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, and H3 on samples of Chd and Wnt8 mRNA-injected animal cap cells, with and without PRDM12 mRNA. The scale bars for B and C, and D–O, represent 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Image published in: Matsukawa S et al. (2015) Copyright © 2015. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue foxd3.L fkh6, foxd3-a, foxd3-b, XFD-6, xfoxd3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 neural crest sox9.S cmd1, cmpd1, sox-9, sox9-a, sox9-b, sra1 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 neural crest migratory neural crest cell six1.L XSix1 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 preplacodal ectoderm anterior neural ridge snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 neural crest isl1.S islet-1, islet1, Xisl-1, Xislet-1 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 preplacodal ectoderm pre-chordal neural plate sox2.L anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 15 neural plate pre-chordal neural plate chordal neural plate neuroectoderm Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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