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Fig. 3. The effects of PQBP1 knockdown on embryonic mesoderm and neurectoderm. (A) Expression of the pan-mesodermal marker brachyury (bra) in late gastrula (stage 12.5) embryos injected with 20 ng pqbp1 MO1 into dorsal (D), ventral (V) or both (DV) blastomeres at the four-cell stage. Note lack of bra expression wherever the pqbp1 MO was injected (white brackets). (B) Expression of the dorsal (axial) mesoderm marker chordin in embryos injected dorsally with 20 ng of either control MO (CT MO) or pqbp1 MO1 (PQ MO1) at the four-cell stage. (C) Expression of neural marker ncam in uninjected (WT) or pqbp1 MO1-injected embryos targeted dorsally as in B. Lateral views with anterior to left. (D) Expression of the neural crest marker snail2 (slug) and the neural marker sox2 in neurula embryos (stage 19) injected in a single two-cell stage blastomere with 20 ng pqbp1 MO1 or control MO (CT) along with β-galactosidase lineage tracer (red). Dorsal views with anterior down. Perturbed neural folding is shown by differences between width of left and right neural folds (brackets). Loosely adherent sox2-positive cells, marked by arrowheads in the magnified view of the boxed area. WT, wild-type control embryos. Image published in: Iwasaki Y and Thomsen GH (2014) Copyright © 2014. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue tbxt.L bra, brachyury, ntl, t, t-a, t-b, X-bra, Xbra, Xbrachyury X. laevis Throughout NF stage 12.5 marginal zone axial mesoderm involuting marginal zone chrd.L chd, chordin, chrd.1, LOC108716939, X-chordin X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 10 to NF stage 14 dorsal marginal zone axial mesoderm ncam1.L n-cam, n-cam-1, ncam, ncam1-a, ncam1-b X. laevis Throughout NF stage 28 neural crest brain spinal cord eye neuron nervous system trunk neural crest snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 neural crest neural plate border sox2.L anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 neural plate Image source: Published Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xla Wt + pqbp1 MO + NF12.5 (in situ hybridization) Fig.3.A Anatomical Phenotype abnormal incomplete closing of the blastopore Expression Phenotype decreased amount tbxt.L expression in dorsal marginal zone decreased amount tbxt.L expression in ventral marginal zone Xla Wt + pqbp1 MO + NF10.25 (in situ hybridization) Fig.3.B Anatomical Phenotype abnormal convergent extension abnormal incomplete closing of the blastopore Disease Renpenning syndrome Xla Wt + pqbp1 MO + NF28 (in situ hybridization) Fig.3.C Anatomical Phenotype decreased length of anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the head decreased size of the tail bud Disease Renpenning syndrome Expression Phenotype decreased amount ncam1.L expression in brain decreased amount ncam1.L expression in nervous system decreased amount ncam1.L expression in trunk neural crest Xla Wt + pqbp1 MO + NF19 (in situ hybridization) Fig.3.D Anatomical Phenotype abnormal neural fold morphology decreased cell adhesion in neuroectoderm Disease Renpenning syndrome Expression Phenotype decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural plate border decreased amount sox2.L expression in neural plate Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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