Xenbase Image ID: 144905

Figure 2. Effect of MO Knockdown on αpSMAD1/5 Staining Gradient and Morphology of Late Planulae(A–D) Nuclear αpSMAD1/5 staining intensity as a function of relative position of each endodermal nucleus along 180° arc from 0 to π starting at the middle of pSMAD1/5-positive domain (see the Supplemental Experimental Procedures and Figure S2A for details on measuring), described by measurements from multiple embryos (colored points) for Control (n = 12), GrmMO (n = 7), GDF5lMO (n = 10), and DppMO (n = 8). LOESS smoothed curves (black lines) with 99% confidence interval for the mean (shade), and linear model fit of the logarithm of relative position to pSMAD1/5 staining intensity (R2 = 0.73, dashed red line) for Control embryos and linear model fit of relative position to pSMAD1/5 staining intensity (R2 = 0.55, dashed red line) for GrmMO embryos. Oral views of corresponding StdMO, DppMO, GDF5lMO, and GrmMO late planulae stained with fluorescent phalloidin are shown next to the graphs (n > 55 for each sample). While StdMO planulae with normal nuclear pSMAD1/5 gradient develop eight mesenteries (red arrows in A), DppMO-injected planulae lacking the pSMAD1/5 gradient do not develop mesenteries at all (B). αpSMAD1/5 staining intensity is suppressed but not absent in the GDF5lMO planulae correlating with the formation of four mesenteries instead of eight (red arrows in C). In GrmMO-treated embryos (D), the average pSMAD1/5 staining intensity is elevated in mid-range positions (see also Figure S2C) and more variable than in Control embryos across the whole range (see also Figure S2D). The endoderm in GrmMO appears compartmentalized but its development is abnormal with extremely thickened mesogloea (green arrow). Scale bars represent 50 μm.See also Figure S2. Image published in: Genikhovich G et al. (2015) © 2015 The Authors. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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