Xenbase Image ID: 147733

Fig. 2. PN1 promotes anterior development, suppresses mesoderm and reduces neuronal differentiation. (A) Uninjected tadpole embryo. (B) Injection of PN1 mRNA induces enlargement of head structures and coloboma (arrowhead in inset). (C) Co-injection of PN1 and HtrA1 mRNA restores normal development. (D-K) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of post-neurula embryos in anterior view. PN1 causes enlargement of the Foxg1, En2, Fgf8 and Nkx2-5 expression domains. Rax expression is not split into bilateral domains. (L-O) Xbra expression in early gastrulae, lateral view. A single marginal injection of PN1 strongly reduces Xbra expression (M). PN1 and HtrA1 partially revert this effect (N). PN1pm mRNA causes only mild or no reduction of Xbra expression (O). (P,Q) Ventral view of neurulae. PN1 expands anterior Sizzled expression. (R-X,BB) Dorsal view of neurula embryos. A single injection of PN1 causes reduction and posteriorward retraction of N-tubulin (arrowheads in S), reduction of Papc and expansion of Otx2 expression (brackets in W) on the targeted right side. PN1 and HtrA1 rescue these effects (T,BB). PN1pm does not affect these markers (U,X). (Y-AA) Injection of 15 ng HtrA1-MO, XFD mRNA or Dkk1 mRNA also causes anteriorization. (CC) Fgf4 mRNA rescues anteriorization by PN1. (DD) pCS2-Wnt3a (Wnt3a-DNA) reverts PN1-induced Otx2 expansion, but not Papc reduction. Total mRNA amounts were: PN1 constructs, 4 ng (1 ng in W,X,BB-DD, 16 ng in E,K,Q); HtrA1, 100 pg; XFD, 80 pg; Dkk1, 8 pg; Fgf4, 0.3 pg. Indicated phenotypes were shown by: B, 44/56; C, 30/30; E, 19/21; G, 16/16; I, 13/15; K, 14/17; M, 71/73; N, 18/32; O, 23/32; Q, 9/19; S, 41/42; T, 16/19; U, 42/42; W, 57/62; X, 31/39; Y, 20/24; Z, 27/31; AA, 59/60; BB, 19/23; CC, 19/24; DD, 15/16. Image published in: Acosta H et al. (2015) Copyright © 2015. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue en2.L En-2, en2-a, en2-b, eng2, engrailed 2, engrailed homolog 2, engrailed-2, maben, xen2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 midbrain-hindbrain boundary foxg1.L bf1, foxg1b, LOC108700624, XBF-1, XBf1 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 pre-chordal neural plate anterior neural ridge pre-chordal neural plate border fgf8.L AIGF, FGF-8, fgf-8b, fgf8a, fgf8b, MGC79739, Xfgf-8, Xfgf8 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 24 adenohypophyseal placode forebrain-midbrain boundary preplacodal ectoderm posterior placodal area rax.S rax-a, rax-b, rax1, rx, rx-1, rx1, rx1a, Rx2A, Xrax, Xrx1, Xrx1A X. laevis Throughout NF stage 24 optic vesicle nkx2-5.L AR2, csx, Nkx-2.5, nkx-2.5, nkx2-5-a, nkx2-5-b, nkx2.5, tinman, XNkx-2.5, XNkx2-5 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 20 mesoderm foregut endoderm cardiac mesoderm szl.L frzb3, secreted frizzled, sizzled, xszl X. laevis Throughout NF stage 17 ventral mesoderm blastopore circumblastoporal collar tubb2b.S N-Tub, n-tubulin, NBT, neural beta-tubulin, NST, ntubulin, Xn-tubulin X. laevis Throughout NF stage 16 neuron Rohon-Beard neuron neurogenic placode neural progenitor cell neural plate pre-chordal neural plate chordal neural plate neural groove otx2.S otx-2, otx2-a, otx2-b, otxA, Xotx-2, Xotx2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 14 optic field pre-chordal neural plate pcdh8.L papc, paraxial protocadherin, xpapc X. laevis Throughout NF stage 14 paraxial mesoderm presomitic mesoderm Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

Return to previous page