XB-IMG-151652
Xenbase Image ID: 151652
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Fig. 3.
Adprhl1 morpholino produces small, inert cardiac ventricles.A-D: A single tadpole injected with Adprhl1-e2i2MO into D-2/4 blastomeres, shown at stage 31 (A, B) and stage 40 (C, D). The small heart of this tadpole did not contract. E, F: Control tadpole that received the same morpholino into V-2/4 blastomeres. G, H: Sibling control tadpole. Hearts were visualized using the Tg[actc1:GFP] (cardiac actin) reporter transgene. Ventral view of hearts, anterior to left (D, F, H), Right-lateral view (B). H, heart; S, somites; V, ventricle; OT, outflow; IH, interhyoid facial muscle. I-Q Embryos used in S. Movie 1 to record the inert adprhl1 morpholino hearts. I-K: Tadpole with Adprhl1-e2i2MO into D-2/4 blastomeres that has a partial heart beat defect. L-N: A D-2/4-morpholino tadpole with completely inert heart. O-Q: Sibling control. Embryos appear normal at stage 39 (I, L, O) while at stage 41 (J, M, P) when the movies were recorded, oedemas are beginning to form in those with the morpholino. Ventral view of Tg[actc1:GFP] fluorescence (K, N, Q). R-Y: Comparison of adprhl1 morpholino with a mismatched control morpholino. R-U: Tadpoles injected with Adprhl1-e2i2MO into D-2/4 blastomeres showing expression of cardiac myl7 and vascular ami mRNAs. At stage 37 (R, S), there are no apparent differences in cardiac morphology but at stage 41 (T, U), the ventricle is clearly smaller than controls. The oedema does cause a higher background hybridization stain to develop (T). V-Y: Control sibling tadpoles injected with the Adprhl1-e2i2MOMis morpholino that contains 5 mismatched bases. Ventral views, anterior to left (S, U, W, Y). One indirect sign of cardiac dysfunction that can be detected prior to oedema is the broader pattern of ami expression in the common cardinal vein (CCV) region (compare R and V). This is also observed in Fig. 2(A, E, I). Image published in: Smith SJ et al. (2016) © 2016 The Authors. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license
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