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Fig. 8. IGF-I and Otx2 blocks neural and mesodermal convergent extension in ‘Keller sandwich explants’. Embryos at 8-cell stage were coinjected with IGF-I or Otx2 mRNA with Lac Z mRNA in the animal pole region or equatorial region of the two dorso-animal blastomeres. ‘Keller sandwich explants’ were made at early gastrula stage and cultured to late neurula stage. (A–C) Both IGF-I and Otx2 strongly block convergent extension of neuroectoderm and mesoderm when targeted to the neuroectoderm. (D–F) IGF-I and Otx2 inhibit convergent extension of neuroectoderm and mesoderm to a lesser extent when targeted to the mesoderm. (G) Rescue of Otx2-inhibited convergent extension of neuroectoderm by caJNK1. (H) A stage 15 control embryo injected with Lac Z mRNA alone. ß-gal-stained cells are limited to the anterior neural fold. (I) A stage 15 embryo co-injected with Lac Z mRNA and Otx2Mo. ß-gal-stained cells extend more ventrally. (J) A stage 30 control embryo. (K) A stage 30 embryo injected with Otx2Mo shows anterior deficiency. (L) RT-PCR analysis shows the inhibition of Xwnt5A expression by IGF-I and Otx2 in activin-treated explants at neurula stage. Image published in: Carron C et al. (2005) Copyright © 2005. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xla Wt + otx2 MO + NF29/30 (morphology) fig.8.k Anatomical Phenotype abnormal anterior-posterior axis, curved ventral decreased size of the head Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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