Xenbase Image ID: 153649

Fig. 10. Genomic structure of Mix/Bix gene clusters and multi-to-multi orthologous relationships between bix genes in Xenopus. (A) Synteny of the mix/mixer/bix gene clusters. Human (Homo sapiens; HSA1), chicken (Gallus gallus; GGA3), X. tropicalis (XTR5), X. laevis (XLA5L and XLA5S), Tibetan frog (Nanorana parkeri; NPA scaffold31), pufferfish (Trafugu rubrpies; FUGU scaffold72), and zebrafish (Danio rerio; DRE20) chromosomes are indicated. Black gene symbols represent pseudogenes. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of mix/bix family genes. Maximum likelihood methods were performed with 1,000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. The parameter model was estimated with MEGA6 ( Tamura et al., 2013), using JTT model. Nodes of + and ++ are prospective first and second tandem duplications of ancestral mix genes, respectively. (C) A hypothesis for the generation of mix/bix gene cluster. A single mix/bix ancestral gene in the vertebrate ancestor was duplicated into proto-mix1/mixer and proto-bix genes in the anuran ancestor (indicted as +; see also B), followed by duplication of the proto-mix1/mixer to mix1 and mixer genes in the Xenopus ancestor (++). Further, the gene expansion and subsequent gene conversion of the bix gene took place in each species and/or subgenome. Image published in: Watanabe M et al. (2017) Copyright © 2017. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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