XB-IMG-154922
Xenbase Image ID: 154922
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Figure 1. Leftward Flow at the Fused LRO in βcat-Induced Conjoined Twins. (A) Development of the LRO at the Xenopus gastrocoel roof: the superficial mesoderm (SM) involutes during gastrulation to give rise to the GRP during early neurulation, which is shown in a dorsal explant in a ventral view on the right (blue).
(B and C) Endogenous (closed arrowhead) and induced (open arrowhead) SM marked by foxj1 expression in a singleton (B) and a conjoined twin (C; ∗, injected side). Note that the two SMs are clearly separated.
(D–G) Ventral views of dorsal explants of singleton embryos (D and F) and conjoined twins (E and G). GRP tissues are highlighted by the absence of sox17a (D and E) and the presence of dnah9 transcripts (F and G). Closed arrowhead, endogenous GRP; open arrowhead, induced GRP. Note that the GRPs are posteriorly fused in the twins (E and G).
(H) Scanning electron micrograph of representative twinned GRP (blue).
(I–K) Compilation of cilia polarization in endogenous (I), fused central (J), and induced (K) parts of three twinned GRPs (n, number of cells).
(L and M) Leftward flow at twinned GRPs.
(L) Tracks of fluorescent beads.
(M) Directionality of flow.
(N) Schematic representation.
a, anterior; ab, absent; bc, blastocoel; bp, blastopore; c, central; d, dorsal; e, endogenous twin; gc, gastrocoel; i, induced twin; l, left; lec, lateral endodermal cells; no, notochord; p, posterior; r, right; so, somite; st., stage; v, ventral. ∗, induced twin. See also Figures S1 and S2 and Movies S1 and S2. Image published in: Tisler M et al. (2017) Copyright © 2017. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V.
Image source: Published
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