XB-IMG-158049
Xenbase Image ID: 158049
|
Figure 3. Overexpression and injection of dominant-negative HCN4 mRNA induces aberrant heart morphology. (A) Mature NF stage 46 tadpole hearts were visualized by immunohistochemistry using a cardiac troponin-T antibody to detect mature cardiac muscle. In control tadpoles, the ventricle (V) and outflow tract (OFT) are readily visible with the atria located directly behind the ventricle (i). Altering HCN4 expression induced a variety of morphological defects including hearts that were twisted into the dorso-ventral (D-V) body axis (ii), hearts rotated in the same plane of the D-V axis (iii), unlooped hearts (iv), and double ventricle phenotypes (v). In twisted hearts (ii) the atria are no longer positioned behind the ventricle and can now be seen (At = atria). (B) Both injection conditions of the HCN4-DN(AAA) construct induced significantly higher percentages of morphological defects compared with uninjected tadpoles, whereas overexpression of HCN4 did not cause significant occurrences of malformed hearts χ2 = 58.174, df = 4, * p < 0.05; n = 75 embryos per condition across 3 biological replicates. Image published in: Pitcairn E et al. (2017) © 2017 The Author(s). This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license
Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View |