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Supplementary Figure 8 | Simulation of cell sorting and of maintenance of separation. (a) Systematic comparison of different situations. Top: Relative energies, corresponding to contact tensions, organized according to the different models: HIT, with identical homotypic tension and higher heterotypic tension; HIT with different homotypic tensions, comparable to the situation for endogenous ectoderm and mesoderm; DITH, with differences in tension between the two cell populations, and an intermediate heterotypic tension; N, negative control conditions, all energies set identical. Middle and bottom graphs: Results for sorting from mixed aggregates and maintenance of separation. For mixed aggregates, values below the green stripe indicate significant shortening of LHI, thus separation. Some conditions led to LHI lengthening, thus increased dispersion. They all belonged to the DITH category and were characterized by a heterotypic tension set closer to the lowest homotypic tensions. For maintenance of separation, a low increase in LHI corresponded to efficient maintenance of separation. Larger increases corresponded to decreased boundary straightness and cell mixing. (b-d) Effect of cell to medium energies. These energies represent the cortical tension at free cell surfaces (Ct). (b-c) LHI curves for sorting and maintenance of segregation for selected conditions. Contact energy values are shown as bar graphs. Cell to medium energies are indicated next to the curves. Two types of setting were used: equal (25, 18 and 9) or unequal energies (18/9 and 16/8). HIT scenarios were only given equal energies. Note that while estimates from ectoderm-ectoderm and IM-IM doublets indicated that Cts tended to be close to T, a clear relationship could not be established due to the large variability of individual Ct/T ratios. Curves are averages from three independent simulations. For clarity error bars (s.d.) are only shown for selected conditions. The condition ectoderm-mesodem (E-M) with 25/25 values was included in all graphs to help visual their comparison. (d) Examples of snapshots for sorting and maintenance of separation. Varying cell to medium energies had mainly an influence on the global shape of the aggregate, which became more irregular when the energies was lowered. However cell sorting was only marginally affected, as shown by the close matching of the LHI curves. Image published in: Canty L et al. (2017) © The Author(s) 2017. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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