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Fig. 4. Vgll3 knockdown and overexpression do not affect CNC formation but block their migration. Embryos were injected with v3MO (40 ng or cMO) or vgll3 mRNA (1ng, or lacZ mRNA) and analysed at different stages for snail2, twist, PCNS or pcdh18 expression. Pharyngeal arches are indicated (ma, mandibular; hy, hyoid; br, branchial a for anterior and p for posterior). The mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve is indicated by an arrowhead. Vgll3 knockdown and overexpression block migration of CNC streams. Overlapping expression of vgll3 and snail2 indicated by an arrow. The white line indicates the plane of agarose section. Quantification of results. Three independent experiments were performed. The number of embryos analysed is indicated on the top of each bar. (*), injected side. The dotted line indicates the midline embryo. Circle, lateral CNC stream. All views are dorsalanterior except lateral views for stage 25 and 28 embryos. Image published in: Simon E et al. (2017) © 2017. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 16 chordal neural plate border cranial neural crest neuroectoderm neural crest neural plate snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 cranial neural crest neuroectoderm neural crest neural plate snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 21 cranial neural crest neuroectoderm neural crest neural plate twist1.S twist, twist1-a, twist1-b, X-twi, Xtwi, Xtwist X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 neuroectoderm neural crest cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest branchial crest twist1.S twist, twist1-a, twist1-b, X-twi, Xtwi, Xtwist X. laevis Throughout NF stage 21 neuroectoderm neural crest cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest branchial crest twist1.S twist, twist1-a, twist1-b, X-twi, Xtwi, Xtwist X. laevis Throughout NF stage 25 pharyngeal arch mandibular arch hyoid arch head region periotic region pharyngeal region pcdh8l.S pcns X. laevis Throughout NF stage 19 neuroectoderm neural crest cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest branchial crest pcdh8l.S pcns X. laevis Throughout NF stage 21 neuroectoderm neural crest cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest branchial crest pcdh8l.S pcns X. laevis Throughout NF stage 25 cranial neural crest mandibular crest hyoid crest pharyngeal arch mandibular arch hyoid arch pharyngeal region head region periotic region pcdh18.S X. laevis Throughout NF stage 20 neuroectoderm neural crest neural plate cranial neural crest pcdh18.S X. laevis Throughout NF stage 28 trigeminal nerve head region pharyngeal region vgll3.L LOC108709205 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 18 presumptive rhombomere snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 18 neuroectoderm neural plate border neural crest presumptive rhombomere Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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