XB-IMG-159173
Xenbase Image ID: 159173
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Figure 1: HCN4 channel inhibitor, ZD7288 affects left-right organ laterality only upon
early exposure of embryos (St1-10).
(A) Quantification of stage 45 tadpoles for left-right organ (Heart, Gut and
Gallbladder) laterality with or without exposure to 100μM ZD7288 at 22ºC at the
indicated stages. A significantly high incidence of heterotaxia was observed in
embryos exposed to ZD7288 between stages 1-10 in comparison to controls. Embryos
exposed to ZD7288 late (St 10-40) did not show any significant increase in the incidence of left-right organ misplacement. The experiment was conducted in
triplicates and data was pooled to run a χ2 analysis, ***p<0.001. (B) Representative
images of stage 45 tadpoles: (i) Control tadpole showing rightward coiling gut as
indicated by the red dotted lines and red arrow, rightward coiling heart as indicated by
green dotted lines and green arrow, and leftward placed gallbladder as indicated by
yellow dotted line and yellow arrow, (ii) tadpoles from embryos exposed to ZD7288
(100μM – St 1-10) showing inversion of gut coiling as indicated by the red dotted lines
and red arrow, inversion of the heart as indicated by green dotted line and green arrow,
and inversion of gallbladder placement as indicated by yellow dotted lines and yellow
arrow, (iii) tadpoles from embryos exposed to ZD7288 (100μM – St10-40) showing
normal gut coiling as indicated by the red dotted lines and red arrow, normal heart as
indicated by green dotted line and green arrow, and normal gallbladder placement as
indicated by yellow dotted lines and yellow arrow. Scale bar = 0.25 mm (C) Pie chart
showing the incidence of various left-right phenotypes seen in the tadpoles from
embryos exposed to ZD7288 (100μM) between stages 1-10. Image published in: Pai VP et al. (2017) © 2017. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View |