Xenbase Image ID: 159174

Figure 2: Early injection of HCN4-DN affects left-right organ laterality in Xenopus laevis. (A) Quantification of stage 45 tadpoles for left-right organ (Heart, Gut and Gallbladder) laterality with or without microinjecting HCN4-DN mRNA apically (~0.5-1 ng/injection/blastomere) in both blastomeres at two-cell stage as indicated in the illustrations. A significantly high incidence of heterotaxia was observed in only when HCN4-DN mRNA was injected in both blastomeres at 2-cell stage, in comparison to controls. The experiment was conducted in triplicates and data was pooled to run a χ2 analysis, ***p<0.001. (B) Representative ventral images of stage 45 tadpoles: (i) Control tadpole showing rightward coiling gut as indicated by the red dotted lines and red arrow, rightward coiling heart as indicated by green dotted lines and green arrow, and leftward placed gallbladder as indicated by yellow dotted line and yellow arrow, (ii) HCN4-DN mRNA injected (both blastomeres at 2-cell stage) tadpoles showing inversion of gut coiling as indicated by the red dotted lines and red arrow, inversion of the heart as indicated by green dotted line and green arrow, and inversion of gallbladder placement as indicated by yellow dotted lines and yellow arrow, (iii) HCN4- DN mRNA injected (both blastomeres at 2-cell stage) tadpoles showing bilateral gut coiling as indicated by the red dotted lines and red arrow, with normal heart (green dotted lines and green arrow) and gallbladder (yellow dotted line and yellow arrow). Scale bar = 0.25 mm (C) Pie chart showing the incidence of various left-right phenotypes seen in the HCN4-DN mRNA injected (in both blastomeres at 2-cell stage) tadpoles. Image published in: Pai VP et al. (2017) © 2017. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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