Xenbase Image ID: 1639

Fig. 1. Neural induction in Xenopus ventral ectoderm by ectopic expression of inhibitors of TGFβ signals. RNAs encoding transmembrane (1 ng tBMPRIA and tActRIIB), cytoplasmic (0.1 ng Smad6 and Smad7) or nuclear (0.1 ng VP16-Msx1 and Ski) inhibitors of TGFβ signaling were co-injected with nβGal (0.1 ng RNA) into one ventral animal blastomere of 32- to 64-cell stage embryos. The embryos were analyzed by Red-Gal staining (red speckled stain) and in situ hybridization of the neural (Sox2 and Sox3), neural crest (Slug) and epidermal (XK70) markers at neurula stages. Inhibitors of both Smad1 and Smad2 signaling (tActRIIB, Smad7 and Ski) induced neural markers efficiently. Among the specific inhibitors of Smad1 signaling, tBMPRIA induced Sox2 and Sox3 weakly, whereas Smad6 and VP16-Msx1 were ineffective in inducing neural markers. Image published in: Chang C and Harland RM (2007) Copyright © 2007. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue sox2.L anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate pre-chordal neural plate anterior neural fold chordal neural plate trigeminal placode sox3.S Sry, Xlsox3, xSox3, Xtsox3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate pre-chordal neural plate chordal neural plate trigeminal placode snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural crest cranial neural crest branchial crest krt70.S krt, krt-a, krt-b, xk70 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 epidermis Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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