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Fig. 3. Regulation of endoderm genes by Nodal proteins, Mixer and Sox17. (A) The expression of the 301 endoderm-enriched sequences was determined by microarray analysis at stage 11 in three experimental conditions. (1) Nodal-, embryos where nodal signaling was inhibited by injection of Cerberus-S RNA (1 ng/embryo). (2) Mixer-, embryos injected with Mixer antisense morpholino oligos (40 ng/embryo). (3) Sox17-, embryos injected with antisense morpholino oligos to Sox17α1 + Sox17α2 + Sox17β (20 ng each/embryo). The average intensity, normalized to stage 11 whole embryo (We) is shown on a log scale. An, animal cap ectoderm; Veg, endoderm enriched vegetal tissue; Eq, mesendoderm enriched equatorial tissue. The yellow lines indicate the 1.4-fold change threshold from the control. (B) Hierarchical clustering indicates which conditions have the most similar expression profiles. Low expression is indicated in blue and high expression in red. A transcript was considered `regulated' in a given condition if its expression was more than 1.4-fold changed from whole embryo control. (C) The Venn diagram shows that based on this 1.4-fold criteria, 112/301 endoderm transcripts are Nodal regulated, 168/301 are Mixer regulated and 100/301 are Sox17 regulated, with a total of 223/301 endoderm transcripts that are regulated by either Nodal proteins Mixer or Sox17. Only 36/301 of transcripts (white) are regulated in a manner consistent with the simple linear model of endoderm development. Image published in: Sinner D et al. (2006) Copyright © 2006. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Larger Image Printer Friendly View |