XB-IMG-172571
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Fig. 8.
Ectopic right-side Pitx2c induces right endoderm cell morphology in the liver diverticulum. Synthetic mRNAs encoding dexamethasone (Dex) inducible Pitx2cGR and mgfp (red, A, B) were targeted to the mesoderm surrounding the right side of the liver diverticulum. C-H) Sections through the liver of injected embryos (NF 35) were immunostained with β-integrin (Int; green) to visualize cell morphology. The boxed regions in C and D are magnified in E-H, as labeled, to highlight right (R, orange; E-F) and left (L, yellow; G-H) cell morphologies. In un-induced controls (-Dex; C, E,G), cells on the right (E) are more apically constricted (i.e., they have a lower apical/basal width ratio; I), more elongated (i.e., they have an increased length to width ratio; J) and are arranged in fewer layers (K), compared to cells on the left (G, I-K). In contrast, induction of right side Pitx2c activity (F) results in an increased apical/basal width ratio (I), decreased length/width ratio (J) and increased layers of nuclei within the right epithelium (K), such that there is no longer a significant difference between right side cells subject to ectopic Pitx2c activity and control left side cells. As expected, the apical constriction of left side cells remains unaffected in these experiments (I); however, ectopic right Pitx2 activity did unexpectedly affect the length to width ratio of left endoderm cells, and the number of cell layers in the left epithelium, such that the value of these parameters became more similar to that normally seen on the right side (J-K). Error bars= SE. Asterisks indicate p < 0.0001 (**); NS, not significant. Scale bars= 100 µm. Image published in: Womble M et al. (2018) Copyright © 2018. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V.
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