Xenbase Image ID: 172684

Figure S5) Chemical AChE inhibitors alter endoderm polarity, rearrangement and microtubule architecture. Transverse cross-sections through the gut of NF 46 tadpoles exposed to DMSO (A, A’, D, D’), Malathion (B, B’, E, E’), or Chlorpyrifos-methyl (C, C’, F, F’) from NF 33-46 were stained with integrin (A-C; green) to outline endoderm cell membranes, aPKC (A-C’; red) to highlight the apical surface of the epithelium, and alpha-tubulin (D-F’; green) to visualize microtubules. Compared with the columnar epithelium in DMSO exposed controls (A), the organization is disrupted in AChE inhibitor treated embryos (B, C). Arrowheads highlight robust apical expression of aPKC in DMSO controls (A’), versus patchy aPKC expression in chemically inhibited embryos (B’, C’). Likewise, in DMSO controls (D, D’), α-tubulin bundles (green) are normally aligned along the apicobasal axis of the endoderm cells, with slight apical enrichment (D,D’); however, exposure to Malathion (E,E’) or Chlorpyrifos-methyl (F,F’) disrupts this architecture. Higher magnification images of the boxed regions in A-F are shown in A’-F’. Scale bars in A-C, D-F= 100 um. Scale bars in D’-F’= 50 um. Scale bars in A’-C’ = 25 um. Image published in: Pickett MA et al. (2017) Copyright © 2017. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue prkcz.L PKC zeta, pkc-zeta, PKCzeta, PKMz, TPKC X. laevis Throughout NF stage 46 plasma membrane endodermal cell gut epithelium itgb1.L Beta 1 integrin, cd29, fnrb, gpiia, itgb1-a, itgb1-b, mdf2, msk12, vla-beta, vlab X. laevis Throughout NF stage 46 endoderm intestine plasma membrane endodermal cell tuba4b.L alpha tubulin, alpha-tubulin, tuba4, tuba4a X. laevis Throughout NF stage 46 intestine microtubule endodermal cell Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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