XB-IMG-172687
Xenbase Image ID: 172687
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Fig. 2. Moderate PFKFB4 depletion results in severe craniofacial defects
in tadpoles. (A) pfkfb4 mRNA levels were quantified on neurula dorsal tissues
by RT-qPCR. Injections at ‘high concentration’ (10 ng/cell in 4-cell-stage
embryos) reduced pfkfb4 levels by 52% and caused developmental arrest. A
‘milder’ concentration (5 ng/cell in 4-cell-stage embryos) decreased pfkfb4
mRNA by 32% (low-level depletion), and allowed development to swimming
tadpoles. (B-E) Craniofacial morphology in tadpoles st.45-46. Low-level
PFKFB4MO depletion reduced the size of craniofacial structures on the
injected side. The branchial arch cartilages area was severely diminished on
the injected side. Lower doses did not significantly reduce cartilage area, or
affect head morphology. n.s., not significant. (C) Head morphology, dorsal
view; arrowhead indicates the injected side. (D) Dissected jaw and branchial
arches cartilages, ventral view. inj, injected side. (E) Schematic of the image
shown in D. Dashed red line indicates midline; light blue, Meckel’s cartilage;
mid blue, ceratohyal cartilage; dark blue, branchial cartilage. Scale bar:
500 μm. Phenotype scores are shown in Table S7. Image published in: Figueiredo AL et al. (2017) Copyright © 2017. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Larger Image Printer Friendly View |