Xenbase Image ID: 172735

Figure 3. Endogenous RA signaling is inactivated during differentiation of Strap KO ESCs. A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using gene expression profiles from Strap +/+ and Strap ‐/‐ MEFs. Representative gene expression pat‐ terns predicted RA signaling components were enriched in Strap‐/‐ MEFs compared to Strap+/+ MEFs. NES, normalized enrichment score.  B. RNA was extracted from EBs cultured without LIF for various time points, and the transcript levels of RA‐responsive genes were assessed by RT‐qPCR. Bars represent mean ±s.d., n=3, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.005, when compared with the corresponding control.  C. RT‐qPCR analyses of RA‐specific gene expression at Day 8 and Day 10 during EB formation with vitamin A (VA) or all‐trans retinoid acid (ATRA). DMSO was used as vehicle control. No significance between the two groups was observed. Bars represent mean ±s.d., n=3. D. Free‐floating EBs formed after 4 days of suspension culture with removal of LIF. Individual EBs were seeded into 12‐well plates with either RA (100 uM) or DMSO. 12‐old‐day EBs were fixed and stained for anti‐β‐tubulin III (green) to illustrate neuronal growth. Image magnification X 40. Image published in: Jin L et al. (2018) Copyright © 2018. This image is reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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