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Fig. 4. Hes3 mis-expression induces ectopic pigment cells differentiation. (A) Unilateral injection of hes3GR mRNA (500 pg) at the 2-cell stage followed by Dex treatment at the gastrula stage (NF stage 10.5) induced ectopic sox10 (NF stages 25 and 31) and dct (NF stage 35/36) expression. Sibling embryos at the tadpole stage (NF stage 41) showed supernumerary pigment cells in the head region (arrows). In all panels, lateral views are shown, dorsal to top. (B) At the tailbud stage, hes3GR-injected embryos show a decrease in neural (sox2, sox3 and pax6) and placode (dmrta1 and runx1) gene expression. Anterior views, dorsal to top. Injected side is to the right. (A-B) The frequency of the phenotypes shown (%) and the number of embryos analyzed (n) are indicated in the upper right corner. (C) In animal cap explants, Hes3 is sufficient to activate sox10 and mitf expression (22 h in culture), while dct expression was unchanged over the same period of time. (D) Hes3 is also sufficient to induce pax3 (NPB specifier), snai2 (NC specifier) and sox2 (neural) genes after 22 h in culture. Values are normalized to ef1α and presented as mean± s.e.m. Statistically significant changes are indicated; (*) p < 0.05 and (**) p < 0.01 (Student's t-test), from three independent samples. Image published in: Hong CS and Saint-Jeannet JP (2018) Copyright © 2018. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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