XB-IMG-175196
Xenbase Image ID: 175196
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Fig. 3. Dkk1 depletion results in heart malformation and cardiac defects in Xenopus laevis. A. The sequence of Xenopus dkk1 and human DKK1 at the MO binding site. The start codon is marked in green. Red stars indicate the bases in the human DKK1 RNA that differ from Xenopus dkk1. B. Unilaterally injected Dkk1 MO but not Control MO blocked translation of the dkk1MO-GFP fusion construct. Dkk1 MO did not block translation of the hDKK1MO-GFP construct. C. Knocking down Dkk1 bilaterally with Dkk1 MO leads to deformed heart (red arrowhead in lateral view, red dotted line in front view) and cardiac edema (white arrowhead in front view) at stage 42. D. Quantitative presentation of the Dkk1 MO injected embryos with cardiac edema shown in C. E. Heart rate was significantly reduced in embryos with bilateral injection of Dkk1 MO. F-J. Analysis of the heart morphology in control embryos and Dkk1 depleted morphants. F. Representative images of stage 42 embryos showing normal heart morphology in one Control MO injected embryo and heart defects in two Dkk1 MO injected embryos. From left to right: ventral view of the embryos and heart stained for cardiac troponin T, close-up view of the hearts, sections through the hearts. G. Representative images of hearts isolated from bilaterally MO injected embryos. Atrial (a) width, ventricular (v) width, a-v length and outflow tract as illustrated in H were measured and presented in I and J, respectively. a: atrium, oft: outflow tract,v: ventricle. Mean values with standard errors are given. n = number of independent experiments, N = total number of embryos analyzed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 with Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Image published in: Guo Y et al. (2019) © 2019 The Authors. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license Larger Image Printer Friendly View |