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Fig. 10. Placodal gene expression patterns in mid-tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 24–27) in lateral views (anterior is to the left). As in Fig. 9, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the lens placode is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawings, which show the distribution of placodes in stages 24 and 27 embryos (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). By stage 24, the posterior placodal area has extended caudally, the formation of the otic vesicle by invagination of the otic placode has begun, and epibranchial placodes (orange) begin to become recognizable in its ventral part (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). By stage 27, the posterior placodal area has broken up into distinct placodes, while invagination of the otic vesicle is continuing (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). The lens placode has appeared as a focal thickening. The orange and brown double arrows indicate expression of the respective genes in a region encompassing the facial epibranchial placode and anteroventral lateral line placode, because both placodes are closely apposed and, thus, cannot be differentiated from each other. White asterisks indicate gene expression in the pharyngeal pouches (which can be clearly distinguished from placodal expression domains in transverse sections). The brown asterisk in M indicates downregulation of Pax2 in the region of the anterodorsal lateral line placode. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: EB, epibranchial placodes; LL, lateral line placodes; Ot, otic placode or vesicle; vba, ventral branchial arch region (all three germ layers). For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.
