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S3. Endocytosis is necessary for convergent extension movements. a) To determine the time-window where caveolin-dependent endocytosis is relevant for gastrulation, we incubated the embryos with 150 microM genistein for different periods from late blastula (stage 9) until early neurula (stage 14) and analyzed the localization of chordin expression and the defects in blastopore closure. Quantification of blastopore defects (b) and chordin localization (c) revealed that the longer the inhibitor is present, the more severe are the gastrulation defects. Significant effects were only observed when the inhibitor was added at stage 9. p- values according to chi-square test., n: number of embryos. d) RT-PCR revealed that the caveolae-specific endocytosis inhibitor genistein activates the expression of the Wnt5a target gene pbk in transfected XTC cells. Shown are mean values and SEM from three independent experiments. p-values according to Student's t-test. Image published in: Puzik K et al. (2019) © The Author(s) 2019. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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