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Fig. 5. Molecular markers analysis after microinjection of McerP-BMP4, -Xnr1 and -Xwnt8 in frog embryos. (A) RT-PCR analysis at stages 12, 13 and 15 show that the cement gland and anterior neural markers Xag, XBF1, Xemx1 and Nkx2.1 are downregulated in embryos coinjected with McerP-BMP4, McerP-Xnr1 and McerP-Xwnt8 (20 pg each), when compared with uninjected controls, while the levels of more posterior neural markers, like En2 and Krox20, are not changed. ODC was used as a loading control. RNA extracts used for the RT-PCRs were made from pools of 5 randomly picked embryos. (B-K) In situ hybridization analysis for different molecular markers at stages 22/24. The injection of McerP-BMP4, McerP-Xnr1 and McerP-Xwnt8 (20 pg each) leads to the suppression of the anterior domains of expression of XBF1 (B,C), Xotx2 (D,E) and Xnot2 (F,G). Expression of the hindbrain marker, Krox20 (H,I), was not significantly changed in the injected embryos as well as in the controls. (J,K) Xshh expression in injected embryos does not extend as anteriorly as it does with the uninjected sibling embryos. Image published in: Silva AC et al. (2003) Copyright © 2003. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue foxg1.L bf1, foxg1b, LOC108700624, XBF-1, XBf1 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 telencephalon olfactory placode otx2.S otx-2, otx2-a, otx2-b, otxA, Xotx-2, Xotx2 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 forebrain midbrain cement gland primordium egr2.L EGR-2, Krox-20, krox20, XKr20, XKrox-20 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 hindbrain shh.L hedgehog, vhh-1, X-SHH, Xhh, xshh X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 ventral neural tube notochord Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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