XB-IMG-26094
Xenbase Image ID: 26094
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Fig. 4. XRDH10 induces retinoic acid signalling and differentially affects organizer gene expression. (A) Uninjected tadpole-stage embryo. (B) Animal injection of 4 ng XRDH10 mRNA at the four-cell stage induces a slight reduction of head structures and a shortening of the tail. (C) Treatment with 0.1 µM RA between stages 9 and 12 induces microcephaly and tail shortening. (D) Injection of 0.5 ng XCYP26A1 mRNA reverts the effect of XRDH10 mRNA and restores normal head and tail development. (E) Treatment with 4 µM citral at stages 9-12 abrogates the activity of XRDH10 mRNA. (F) RT-PCR analysis of animal caps explanted from stage 8 embryos and cultured until stage 12.5. Embryos were injected with 4 ng XRDH10 mRNA (lane 3) and animal caps treated with 5 µM RA (lane 4). Note that XRDH10 stimulates the transcription of all the RA target genes tested. (G-V) Whole-mount in situ hybridization of gastrula embryos in vegetal view. Insets depict lateral views. Embryos were injected in the margin of each blastomere at the four-cell stage with 1 ng XRDH10 mRNA (H,L,P,T) or treated from stage 8 onwards with DMSO as a control (I,M,Q,U) or 5 µM RA (J,N,R,V). Note that XRDH10 mRNA and RA expand the expression of Xlim1 and Chordin, but reduce the expression of Goosecoid and ADMP in the dorsal blastopore lip. Frequency of embryos with the indicated phenotypes was: B, 30/39; C, 25/25; D, 30/40; E, 29/39; G, 45/45; H, 19/39; I, 31/31; J, 41/41; K, 38/38; L, 29/43; M, 30/36; N, 16/29; O, 6/8; P, 4/6; Q, 22/28; R, 15/24; S, 14/14; T, 9/13; U, 64/69; V, 38/50. Image published in: Strate I et al. (2009) Copyright © 2009. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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