Xenbase Image ID: 40650

Figure 3. MyoX knockdown inhibited cranial neural crest (CNC) migration and delays trigeminal nerve outgrowth. A: MyoX knockdown does not disrupt early induction of NC. Embryos were injected into one cell at the two-cell stage with 30-ng MO2 and 5 ng of fluorescently labeled control MO, cultured to stage 16/17, sorted using a fluorescent dissecting microscope to identify the injected side (on right in all cases shown, indicated by asterisks) and processed for whole-mount in situ hybridization with probes for mesoderm (myoD), neural plate (sox2), epidermis (keratin), and NC (snail2). No effect was observed. B: MyoX knockdown inhibits cranial NC cell migration. Embryos unilaterally injected at two-cell stage with Control MO (cMO) or MO2, along with nuclear-localized lacZ RNA for lineage tracing, followed by Red-Gal staining (Research Organics), then whole-mount in situ hybridization with Sox9 and Sox10 probes. St. 22; ventral migration of hyoid arch NC (black arrow head) and branchial arch NC (red arrow heads, dashed lines) was inhibited compared with the uninjected side (Sox9, 88%, n = 25; Sox10, 96%, n = 24.). The control MO had no effect. St. 24; migration into all three arches occurred but was still retarded on the MO2-injected side (Sox9, 83%, n = 30; Sox10, 79%, n = 29). Enlarged views of the relevant regions from the MO2-injected side are shown to the right. C: The trigeminal nerve was affected by loss of MyoX. Control MO or MO2 injected into one cell at the two-cell stage. By St. 32, the distal region of the trigeminal nerve (arrows on the uninjected sides - left) was absent on the MO2-injected side (88%, n = 25). The control MO (n = 26) had no effect. Percentages and standard deviation error bars indicated to right as bar graphs. Image published in: Hwang YS et al. (2009) Copyright © 2009. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue myod1.S mf25, MyoD, myod1-a, myod1-b, myogenic factor 3, XMyoD, XtmyoD X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 17 mesoderm paraxial mesoderm presomitic mesoderm sox2.L anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 17 neural plate krt70.L krt, krt-a, krt-b, xk70 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 17 epidermis snai2.S slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 16 to NF stage 17 neural crest sox9.S cmd1, cmpd1, sox-9, sox9-a, sox9-b, sra1 X. laevis Sometime during NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 cranial neural crest hyoid arch branchial arch otic vesicle forebrain eye prechordal plate sox10.L X. laevis Throughout NF stage 22 to NF stage 24 cranial neural crest hyoid arch branchial arch trigeminal nerve otic vesicle facial nerve sox10.L X. laevis Throughout NF stage 32 trigeminal ganglion trigeminal nerve vagus nerve otic vesicle facial nerve profundal placode Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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