Xenbase Image ID: 74141

Fig. 1. Axon outgrowth and cytoskeletal organization, but neither neuronal specification nor early stages of cellular polarization, were severely compromised with hnRNP K knockdown. (A) Immunostained optical section of a stage 40 Xenopus tadpole demonstrates suppression of hnRNP K expression on the injected side by hnRNP K MO (below dots). SC (inside dashed lines), spinal cord; arrowheads, hnRNP K staining of muscle nuclei on the uninjected side. (B-Db) Suppression of axon outgrowth on the injected side of stage 40 tadpoles [B(bottom),Cb,Db] revealed by immunostaining for the indicated axonal markers. A and B are horizontal and Ca-Db parasagittal sections. Arrowheads in Cb and in Da and Db indicate examples of atrophied axons and neuronal perikarya, respectively. Arrowheads in B indicate normally projecting motor axons on the uninjected side. (Ea-Gc) Organization of the indicated cytoskeletal polymers was severely disrupted in neurons of bilaterally injected hnRNP K MO (PK MO) cultures compared with those of control MO (Ea,Fa,Ga), which appeared normal. With hnRNP K MO, F-actin circumscribed perikarya, but was asymmetrically distributed (Eb,Ec); microtubules formed an anastomosing network (Fb,Fc); neuronal intermediate filaments were twisted and radiated outward in multiple directions (Gb,Gc). (Ha-Id) Double immunostaining for N-β tubulin and Par6 as indicated. With control MO (Ha,Hb), Par 6 staining was punctate and filled neuronal perikarya and axons (arrowheads, growth cone). With hnRNP K MO (Ia-Id), neuronal perikaryal microtubules (Ic,Id) were poorly organized and failed to correspond with an asymmetric hotspot of Par6 immunostaining (Ia,Ib). Scale bars: 100 μm for A-Db; 20 μm for Ea-Id. Image published in: Liu Y and Szaro BG (2011) Copyright © 2011. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue hnrnpk.S X. laevis Throughout NF stage 40 spinal cord myotome prph.L nef4, peripherin, XIF3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 40 spinal cord tubb2b.S N-Tub, n-tubulin, NBT, neural beta-tubulin, NST, ntubulin, Xn-tubulin X. laevis Throughout NF stage 40 spinal cord Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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