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FIGURE 4. XSMOC-1 induces neural markers in animal cap explants and acts non-cell-autonomously. A, RT-PCR analysis of animal caps obtained from embryos injected bilaterally with 300 pg of GFP (control) or XSMOC-1 at the two-cell stage. Animal caps were removed from stage 8 embryos and cultured until noninjected siblings reached stage 17. XSMOC-1 induced the neural markers N-CAM, NRP1, Otx2, and XAG1 and suppressed the expression of the epidermal marker, keratin. mRNA extracted from whole embryos (lane 3) was used as a positive control for the RT-PCRs, and reactions from which reverse transcriptase was omitted (ﰈRT; lane 4) were the negative con- trols. B and C, whole mount hybridization in situ of Otx2 in albino animal caps conjugated to wild-type caps. Wild-type embryos were injected bilaterally with 300 pg of GFP (B) or XSMOC1 (C). Animal caps were removed at stage 8 and conjugated to caps removed from stage 8 nonin- jected albino embryos. The conjugates were cultured until sibling embryos reached stage 17. Otx2 staining was not observed in the GFP control cap conjugates (B) but was present in the noninjected albino caps conjugated to XSMOC1-injected wild-type caps (C). "This research was originally published THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL.284(28) pp.18994-19005, July 10, 2009. Copyright: The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology." Image published in: Thomas JT et al. (2009) Copyright © 2009. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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