Xenbase Image ID: 77483

Fig 6. Pulses of nuclear Smad4 can be induced by either BMP or activin/nodal signaling in Xenopus animal cap explants. (A) Pulses are dependent on endogenous BMP signaling. Image of a stage-9 animal cap explant in which 50 pg Venus Smad4 and 100 pg mCherry-H2B mRNA were coinjected with 1 ng of the BMP inhibitor DNAlk3 mRNA. The animal cap explant shown is from a sibling embryo of the one used to make the explants shown in Fig. 5 C and D with injections and imaging performed at the same times. (B) Quantification of number of pulses and pulse height and duration. (C) Quantification of single-cell traces from the time-lapse movies. (D) Response of Smad4 to activin treatment. Embryos were injected in the animal pole with Venus-Smad4, mCherry-H2B, and DNAlk3 mRNAs to inhibit BMP signaling. Animal cap explants were dissected at stage 9 and treated with activin. Pictures are shown before (Left) or 45 m after (Right) activin treatment. (E) Quantification of number of bursts in animal cap explants injected with Venus-Smad4 and DNAlk3 and either left untreated or treated with activin (10 ng/mL). Image published in: Warmflash A et al. (2012) Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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