Xenbase Image ID: 77509

Fig. 2. XSeb4R overexpression blocks anterior–posterior (A–P) patterning and activates apoptosis, leading to loss of head structures. Pigmented Xenopus embryos were injected with 200 pg of XSeb4R or XSeb4RδRRM capped-RNA in each animal blastomere at 4/8 cell stage. Embryos were cultivated to tadpole stage. Compared to control embryos (A) XSeb4R-injected one (B) but not XSeb4RδRRM-injected embryo (C) showed ectopic pigmentation pattern (see arrow). This phenotype was associated to a loss of head structures clearly visible (see arrow heads) in later stages of development (compare E to D and F). XSeb4R-unilaterally-injected embryos were processed by WMISH using Slug (G and H) and XlTyr (I), marker of neural crest and melanocytes, respectively. Note expression inhibition of these genes in the sites of XSeb4R orverexpression marked by X-gal staining in blue. Embryos shown in A, B and C were bleached and analyzed by WMISH using Sox3 probe. As shown in K, the pigmented cells were not Sox3 positive (see black arrow). Brain anterior-posterior patterning, as well as eye structures (red arrow) seen in J and L are not observed in XSeb4R-injected embryos. Also note Sox3 expression expanded in the brain of this embryo (K). Albino embryos injected unilaterally with XSeb4R mRNA, using LacZ mRNA as a tracer were cultured and fixed at neurula and at tailbud stages. In early fixed embryos, expression suppression was detected in 100% of embryos analyzed with A–P markers such as Pitx2 (n = 32; M), Otx2 (n = 35; N) and Krox20 (n = 35; O). TUNEL assays showed a mild increase in apoptosis in about 40% of embryos (n = 35; P) and a massive apoptotic pattern was detected in 100% of tailbud embryos (n = 70) with a high magnification shown in panel R, the control uninjected overview sides are indicated in Q and XSeb4R-injected side in S. The injected sides (IS) are marked by X-gal staining in blue. Image published in: Bentaya S et al. (2012) Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue sox3.S Sry, Xlsox3, xSox3, Xtsox3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 32 forebrain midbrain hindbrain spinal cord eye Image source: Published Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF32 (morphology) fig.2.b, k Anatomical Phenotype abnormal anterior-posterior axis, curved dorsal abnormal head morphology decreased pigmentation in the whole organism increased pigmentation in the trunk Xla Wt + rbm38del + NF32 (morphology) fig.2.c Anatomical Phenotype abnormal development of eye abnormal development of fin Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF41 (morphology) fig.2.e Anatomical Phenotype abnormal alimentary system morphology abnormal anterior-posterior axis, curved dorsal abnormal head morphology abnormally ruffled ventral fin margin decreased pigmentation in the eye decreased size of the eye Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF18 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.g, h Anatomical Phenotype abnormal neural crest morphology Expression Phenotype decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF33/34 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.i Expression Phenotype decreased amount tyr.S expression in retina Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF33/34 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.k Expression Phenotype increased amount sox3.L expression in brain mislocalised sox3.L expression in ectoderm increased amount sox3.L expression in ectoderm decreased amount sox3.L expression in eye primordium Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF20 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.m Expression Phenotype decreased amount pitx2.S expression in cement gland decreased amount pitx2.S expression in posterior placodal area Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF20 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.n Expression Phenotype decreased amount otx2.S expression in forebrain Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF20 (in situ hybridization) fig.2.o Expression Phenotype decreased amount egr2.L expression in hindbrain decreased amount egr2.L expression in neural crest Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF20 (immunohistochemistry) fig.2.p Anatomical Phenotype increased apoptosis in embryo Xla Wt + rbm38 + NF33/34 (immunohistochemistry) fig.2.r, s Anatomical Phenotype increased apoptosis in head increased apoptosis in trunk Larger Image Printer Friendly View

Return to previous page