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Fig. 1. Neurula stage embryos require GJC for LR development. (A) Scheme depicting type and time course of treatments. (B) HepOH treatments of neurula stage embryos resulted in absence of Pitx2c expression in the left LPM of 2-day tadpoles. (B) Summary of experimental data. (C,D) Representative wildtype (C) and HepOH-treated (D) embryos displaying left-asymmetric (C) or absent (D) expression of Pitx2c in the left LPM. (E) Consequences of treatments for situs development in the 3-day tadpole. (E) Summary of results. (F,G) Characteristic untreated (F) and HepOH-incubated (G) tadpoles displaying normal organ situs (F) or situs inversion (G), as determined by the direction of heart looping (outlined by dashed yellow line) and gut coiling (outlined in black). Note that ethanol and undecanol were inefficient. Note also that early treatments before gastrulation (≤ stage 9) and late injections (stage 19/20) were less striking or without effect. a, anterior; an, animal; d, dorsal; EtOH, ethanol; HepOH, HepOH; ht, heterotaxia; n.s., not significant; p, posterior; si, situs inversus; st., stage; UnOH, undecanol; v, ventral; veg, vegetal; wt, wildtype; *, significant (p<0.05); **, highly significant (p<0.01); *** very highly significant (p<0.001). Numbers in brackets represent number of analyzed specimens. Statistical significances were calculated using Pearson's chi square test. Image published in: Beyer T et al. (2012) © 2012. This image is reproduced with permission of the journal and the copyright holder. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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