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Figure 3. SPC7 antisense morpholino oligonucleotide causes dose-dependent disruption of eye and brain development. (A, B) Embryos injected unilaterally with antisense SPC7-MO at the two cell (A) or four cell stage (B). Injected side is shown on the left. Both the two cell and four cell stage loss-of-function SPC7 experiments resulted in the same phenotype: lack of eye, lack of branchial arches, and diminished head structures on the MO-injected side. The morphology of the rest of the embryo appeared normal. (C) Dorsal view of tadpole-stage embryo injected at the four cell stage with 90 ng MO; the eye appears to be completely absent on the injected side. (D) Same embryo as in C showing MO location on the left. (E) Frontal section of embryo in C and D showing total loss of eye and mesencephalon on the SPC7-MO injected side. The uninjected side was unaffected. Arrows 1 and 2 show presumptive eye field and mesencephalon, respectively, on the MO injected side. In each experiment, embryos injected with control MO developed normally (not shown). (F, G) Histological analysis of control-MO injected (F) and SPC7-MO unilaterally-injected (G, injected side to the left) stage 35 embryos. The planes of section presented are shown diagrammatically at the top. As noted previously, the eye and brain are severely dysmorphic on the injected side; the otic vesicle and pronephros appear normal. (L = Lens; R = Retina; NC = Notochord; MC = Mesencephalon; RC = Rhombancephalon; SC = Spinal Cord; OV = Otic Vesicle; PN = Pronephros; EF = Eye Field). Image published in: Senturker S et al. (2012) Image downloaded from an Open Access article in PubMed Central. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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