Xenbase Image ID: 81584

Figure 2. Altering apical-basal or planar cell polarity in cells that do not contribute to the GRP randomizes asymmetry. a: Fate mapping experiments of the four-cell embryo have shown that right ventral cells do not contribute to flow at the GRP, and left dorsal cells contribute to the GRP and are required for LR-relevant flow (Blum et al.,2009; Schweickert et al.,2007; Vick et al.,2009). b: Five constructs were injected into single blastomeres of the four-cell embryo and then scored at stage 45 for laterality defects. Red bars indicate heterotaxia rates when injected into the dorsal left cells, which are required for cilia-induced flow at the GRP. Green bars indicate heterotaxia rates when injected into the ventral right cells, which do not contribute to flow at the GRP. For all constructs and each blastomere position, at least 50 embryos were examined for organ situs. *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001 relative to controls. Numbers on graph indicate total sample sizes that were scored for LR phenotypes. See Supporting Information Figure 2 for incidence of heterotaxia associated with injections targeted to each one of the four blastomeres. c: Cilia positioning assays were performed as described in (Antic et al.,2010). Similar to the results reported there, we observed that disruption of PCP signaling via injection of Vangl2MO in dorsal blastomeres significantly alters cilia position, with fewer cells demonstrating posterior localization of cilia. Disruption of ABP signaling via expression of DNPar6 in dorsal cells has similar effects. However, alteration of ABP or PCP signaling in cells that do not contribute to the GRP had no effect on cilia position in cells at the GRP. On both graphs, the X-axis indicates position of the cilia (ant = anterior third of the cell, mid = middle, post = posterior third of the cell.) *P < 0.01 relative to controls, ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Each group (controls, DNPar6, Vangl2MO) at each position (at the GRP, away from the GRP) included at least 100 individual cells from at least four different embryos. Reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons. Image published in: Vandenberg LN and Levin M (2012) Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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