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Fig. 3. Elevation of Smurf levels affects neural and neural crest development. A: Increased levels of Smurf2 led to expansion or ectopic expression of the neural genes Sox2, NRP1, and Pax6 and reduction of the epidermal marker XK70, but could both up- and down-regulate the neural plate border genes Slug and Pax3. B: Smurf1 and Smurf2 function similarly to control neural and neural crest development. Together they facilitated expansion of the neural genes but reduction of the neural crest marker Slug. The numbers of the embryos displaying the shown changes in marker expression are indicated. Image published in: Das S and Chang C (2012) Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue pax6.L an2, mgda, pax-6, pax6-a, pax6-b, wagr, XLPAX6, xpax6 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate neural fold eye primordium nrp1.L A5 antigen, LOC108718763, neuropilin, neuropilin-1, np-1, npn-1, nrp, nrp-1, pNPG152 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate neural plate border sox2.L anop3, LOC108718087, mcops3, Sox-2, XLSOX-2, Xsox-2, XSox2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate pre-chordal neural plate snai2.L slug, snai2-a, snai2-b, Snail2, xSlu, xslug, XSnail2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate border krt70.S krt, krt-a, krt-b, xk70 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 ectoderm non-neural ectoderm epidermis pax3.S cdhs, hup2, pax-3, pax3-a, pax3-b, Waardenburg syndrome 1, ws1, xpax3 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 neural plate border neuroectoderm Image source: Published Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xla Wt + smurf2 + neurula stage (in situ hybridization) fig.3.a Expression Phenotype decreased amount krt70.S expression in epidermis mislocalised nrp1.L expression in epidermis increased amount nrp1.L expression in epidermis increased amount pax3.S expression in neural crest decreased amount pax3.S expression in neural crest increased amount pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised pax6.L expression in epidermis increased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest increased amount sox2.L expression in epidermis mislocalised sox2.L expression in epidermis Xla Wt + smurf1 + neurula stage (in situ hybridization) fig.3.b Expression Phenotype increased amount pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised snai2.L expression in epidermis increased amount snai2.L expression in epidermis decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest increased amount sox2.L expression in epidermis mislocalised sox2.L expression in epidermis Xla Wt + smurf1 + smurf2 + neurula stage (in situ hybridization) fig.3.b Expression Phenotype increased amount pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised snai2.L expression in epidermis increased amount snai2.L expression in epidermis decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest increased amount sox2.L expression in epidermis mislocalised sox2.L expression in epidermis Xla Wt + smurf2 + neurula stage (in situ hybridization) fig.3.b Expression Phenotype increased amount pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised pax6.L expression in epidermis mislocalised snai2.L expression in epidermis increased amount snai2.L expression in epidermis decreased amount snai2.L expression in neural crest mislocalised sox2.L expression in epidermis increased amount sox2.L expression in epidermis Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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