Xenbase Image ID: 82289

Fig. 9. Smurf1 and Smurf2 control mesendodermal development in early Xenopus embryos. A: Knockdown of Smurf1 in dorsal tissues resulted in reduction of axial structures and malformation of the head, which was often accompanied by a delay or failure in neural tube closure (32 out of the 58 embryos with the shown phenotype had neural tube closure defects, arrow). In contrast, knockdown of Smurf2 led to enlargement of the endodermal mass in the embryos. When both Smurfs were knocked down, the embryos developed with severe axial defects, microcephaly, and failure in gastrulation. B: Knockdown of either Smurf1 or Smurf2 in the VMZ region induced tail truncation, though the phenotype was more pronounced in the Smurf1 morphants. Double knockdown of both Smurfs aggravated the tail defects. The numbers indicate the embryos showing the depicted phenotype. Image published in: Das S and Chang C (2012) Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons. Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xla Wt + smurf1 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.a Anatomical Phenotype abnormal anterior-posterior axis morphology abnormal bending of anterior neural tube abnormal incomplete closing of the neural tube decreased size of the head Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.a Anatomical Phenotype abnormal dorsal trunk morphology decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the head increased size of the central endoderm Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.a Anatomical Phenotype abnormal gastrulation decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the head Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.a Anatomical Phenotype decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis increased size of the central endoderm Xla Wt + smurf1 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.b Anatomical Phenotype decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the tail Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.b Anatomical Phenotype decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the tail Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.b Anatomical Phenotype decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the tail Xla Wt + smurf2 MO + NF35/36 (morphology) fig.9.b Anatomical Phenotype decreased size of the anterior-posterior axis decreased size of the tail Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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