Xenbase Image ID: 83413

Fig. 4. Activation of Rapgef4 is responsible for the proximal tubular phenotypes. (A) Schematic diagram depicting how Gnas signals to PKA and Rapgef3/4. Pathway agonists and antagonists are indicated in red or green, respectively. (B�S) Xenopus embryos were treated with multiple compounds modulating Gnas signaling and analyzed for edema formation at stage 42 (B) and 3G8/4A6 staining (C�S). Red arrowheads indicate ectopic 4A6 staining. Note that all the agonists were used at an ED50 concentration to provide a more sensitive experimental setup. (T and T′) In situ hybridization of Xenopus embryos at stage 35 for Rapgef4 mRNA by whole mount or paraplast sections thereof. The position of the transverse section is indicated in (T). Close-up in (T) shows the sense control. (U�BB) Whole mount immunostaining with the 3G8 and 4A6 antibody of control embryos or embryos injected with the Rapgef4-sMO in the presence or absence of 2 μg/ml Ctx at stage 40. Ectopic 4A6 staining is indicated by red arrowheads in (X) and (BB). Image published in: Zhang B et al. (2013) Copyright © 2013. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, Elsevier B. V. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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