Xenbase Image ID: 86695

FIGURE 3. Overexpression of dhrs3 attenuates RA signaling. A, overexpression of dhrs3 counteracts the action of rdh10. Expression of atRA-responsive genes hoxd1, gbx2, and cdx4 in animal caps overexpressing rdh10 alone or in combination with dhrs3 in the presence of atROL. The expression of atRA-responsive genes was induced by ectopic rdh10, but this induction was suppressed by co-expression with dhrs3. WE, whole embryos; AC, animal caps. B and C, dhrs3 overexpression phenotypes were reversed by atRAL. Lateral view of stage 35 embryos showed phenotypes induced by dhrs3 overexpression, which were reversed by a nonteratogenic dose of 0.5 μM atRAL during gastrulation (B). Quantification of relative embryo length of embryos exposed to atRAL with or without dhrs3 overexpression (C). ***, analysis of variance, p < 0.0005. D and E, dhrs3 overexpression enhanced the phenotypes induced by ectopic cyp26a1. Lateral view of stage 35 embryos exhibited shortened trunk of AP axis when overexpressing dhrs3, cyp26a1, or both (D). Two-cell stage embryos were injected with 4 ng of dhrs3, 2 ng of cyp26a1 mRNA, or both. Quantification of relative embryo length is shown in E. F, overexpression of dhrs3 caused a posterior shift of the expression domain of en2, krox20, and hoxb3. At the four-cell stage, one dorsal blastomere of the embryo was injected with 4 ng of dhrs3 mRNA together with 100 pg of lacZ mRNA as lineage tracer. Injected side is on the right (asterisk). Overexpression of dhrs3 caused a posterior shift of the expression domain of the examined neural markers. Images of en2, krox20, and hoxb3 are the frontal view of the embryos. Percentages of embryos showing the phenotype is marked in the figure. Image published in: Kam RK et al. (2013) Copyright © 2013. Image reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Gene Synonyms Species Stage(s) Tissue en2.L En-2, en2-a, en2-b, eng2, engrailed 2, engrailed homolog 2, engrailed-2, maben, xen2 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary egr2.L EGR-2, Krox-20, krox20, XKr20, XKrox-20 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 rhombomere rhombomere R3 rhombomere R5 hoxb3.S hox2.7, hoxb-3, LOC108700804, LOC108702517 X. laevis Throughout NF stage 18 rhombomere rhombomere R5 Image source: Published Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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