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Figure 3. xtBcor MO causes defects in lateral determination. (A) Embryos injected with 8 ng of control MO were normal with only a background level of situs defects, affecting approximately 5% of embryos. (B and E). Embryos injected with 4 ng of xtBcor MO showed situs defects, manifesting as alterations to cardiac orientation and defects of gut origination and coiling (B). At high doses (8 ng), large numbers of embryos displayed a severe intestinal phenotype, with the majority of embryos displaying no anterioposterior patterning of the gut tube (E). (C and D) Unilateral left-sided injection of xtBcor MO caused cardiac and gut defects in over 85% of embryos. Cardiac development and gut patterning were uncoupled in most embryos, leading to randomized phenotypes (C). However, low numbers of embryos were observed with situs inversus phenotypes (D). In (A–D), cardiac outline/outflow tract is marked by red interrupted line. (F) Dose-dependent situs defects were observed in embryos injected with xtBcor MO (left panel). Cardiac orientation was completely randomized when xtBcor MO was injected into the left side of embryos (right panel). (G) Tadpoles injected with 8 ng control MO had no heart defects. Heart chambers were normal, with the outflow tract emerging from the left aspect of the ventricle and looping to the right. (H) Fifty per cent of tadpoles injected with 4 ng xtBcor on the left of the embryo displayed reversed cardiac orientation, with the outflow tract emerging from the right side of the ventricle and looping toward the left. No septal defects were observed in these embryos. Image published in: Hilton EN et al. (2007) Copyright © 2007. This image is reproduced with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. Experiment + Assay Source Phenotypes and Disease Xtr Wt + bcor MO + NF46 (morphology) fig.3.b Anatomical Phenotype abnormal midgut morphology Disease syndromic microphthalmia 2 Xtr Wt + bcor MO + NF46 (morphology) fig.3.c Anatomical Phenotype abnormal midgut morphology Disease syndromic microphthalmia 2 Xtr Wt + bcor MO + NF46 (morphology) fig.3.c, d, h Anatomical Phenotype abnormally inverted heart Disease syndromic microphthalmia 2 Xtr Wt + bcor MO + NF46 (morphology) fig.3.d Disease syndromic microphthalmia 2 Xtr Wt + bcor MO + NF46 (morphology) fig.3.e Anatomical Phenotype absent midgut Disease syndromic microphthalmia 2 Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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