EDF 4. PHYLOGENY Phylogenetic tree of pan-vertebrate conserved non-coding elements (pvCNEs), rooted by elephant shark. Alignments were done by MUSCLE, and the maximum-likelihood tree was built by PhyML. Branch length scale shown on bottom. The difference in branch lengths of tetrapods follows the same topology as the protein-coding tree (Fig. 2b).Complete phylogenetic tree from Fig. 2a, with divergence times computed by r8s.Distribution of Ks and Ka on specific subgenomes during the time between L and S speciation, before X. laevis and X. borealis speciation. We find accelerated mutations rates between T2 and T3 in Ks and Ka (p=1.4e-5 (left), 8.6e-3 (right)).Distribution of Ks and Ka on specific subgenomes during the time after laevis and borealis speciation. We do not find significantly accelerated substitution rates. (p= 0.10 (left) and 0.03 (right)).Table showing the number of homeologs and singletons identified as homeologs from the ancient vertebrate duplication (or ohnologs as they are historically called)63. 79.9% of ohnologs retain both copies in X. laevis today, significantly more than the 54.3% of the rest of the genome after excluding ohnologs (χ2 test p-value= 4.44E-69).Table showing the branch lengths of bootstrapped maximum likelihood trees described in Supplemental Note 12.5. The columns refer to the X. tropicalis (XTR), L chromosome of X. laevis (XLA.L), S chromosome of X. laevis (XLA.S), and XLA.L/XLA.S branch lengths respectively. The first row is triplets where all genes show expression, the second row is triplets where L is a thanagene, and the third row is triplets where S is a thanagene. The L branch length is significantly smaller when all genes are expressed, or when S is a thanagene (Wilcoxon p-value=1.7E-216 and 6.4E-212 respectively). The S branch length is smaller when L is a thanagene (p=2.4E-223). The ratio of branch lengths (L/S) is significantly different for either L or S thanagene datasets compared to when all genes are expressed (p=3.55E-214 and 7.48E-220 respectively). The ratio is different between the two thanagene datasets as well (p=1.79E-217).
Image published in: Session AM et al. (2016)
Image downloaded from an Open Access article in PubMed Central. Image reproduced on Xenbase with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder.
Permanent Image Page
Printer Friendly View
XB-IMG-153334