EDF 9. EXAMPLES OF PATHWAY RESPONSES Wnt pathway. Left panel: Several key components of the canonical Wnt pathway in the X. laevis genome. The numbers in brackets show the number of paralogs. Components that have homeologous pair of genes or singleton are shown in blue and red, respectively. Each (Wnt:21 genes, LRP:2 genes, Fzd:10 genes, Dvl:3 genes, Frat(GBP):1 gene, GSK3:2 genes, Axin:2 genes, bcatenin: 1 gene, APC: 2 genes, TCF/LEF:4 genes) were classified into 4 groups according to subcellular localization, and the number of singleton and homeolog retained genes is shown by pie charts. Right panel: Syntenies around four singleton genes.Cell cycle. Upper right panel: Diagram of the cell cycle and regulatory proteins critical to each phase. Cyclin H (CcnH) and Cdk7 constitute Cdk-activating kinase (CAK), a key factor required for activation of all Cdks. Genes encoding Cyclin H and Cdk7 (red), but not other regulators (blue), became singletons. Upper left panel: Pie charts show the numbers of homeologous pairs (blue) and singletons (red) in each functional category as indicated. Lower left panel: Syntenies of ccnh and cdk7 loci in X. tropicalis and X. laevis. Abbreviations for species and chromosome numbers: X. tropicalis (XTR1), X. laevis (XLA1L and XLA1S). Lower right table: Individual genes used for drawing the pie charts are shown in the table.Hippo pathway. Upper panel: Hippo pathway components and retention of their homeologous gene pairs. All genes for Hippo pathway components as indicated were identified in the whole genome of X. laevis. Blue icons indicate that both of the homeologous genes are expressed in normal development and adult organs. The red icon, Taz, indicates a singleton. Yap is interchangeable with Taz in most cases, but TAZ, but not YAP, serves as a mediator of Wnt signaling (broken line). Pie charts show the numbers of homeolog pairs (blue) and singleton (red) in each category of Hippo pathway components classified according to subcellular localization. Lower panel: Comparative analysis of syntenies around the taz gene. X. tropicalis scaffold247 is not incorporated into the chromosome-scale assembly (v9) and hence its chromosomal location is not known yet. The p arm termini of XLA8L and XLA8S are on the left.
Image published in: Session AM et al. (2016)
Image downloaded from an Open Access article in PubMed Central. Image reproduced on Xenbase with permission of the publisher and the copyright holder.
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