Figure 1. Differential effects of Ngn3-GR temporal activation. Whole mount in situ hybridization of Stage 44 whole guts from embryos injected with 1,800 pg of XenopusNgn3-GR mRNA at the eight-cell stage. (a,d,g) Control embryos injected with Ngn3-GR mRNA but not treated with dex. (b,e,h) Dex treatment from Stages 12 to 44. Increased expression of glucagon (n = 14/20), insulin (n = 23/23), and somatostatin (n = 10/10). Arrowheads indicate ectopic insulin expression in the liver, stomach, and duodenum. (c,f,i) Dex treatment for 4 h from Stages 12 to 15. Increased insulin (n = 55/55) and somatostatin (n = 22/22) but not glucagon (n = 24/24). (j,k) Schematics illustrating organs in the whole gut of panels a and b (blue-insulin). (l) Insulin expression was detected in rare instances (n = 2/50) in posterior areas of the intestine. Pa: pancreas.
Image published in: Oropeza D and Horb M (2012)
Copyright © 2012. Image reproduced with permission of the Publisher, John Wiley & Sons.
| Gene | Synonyms | Species | Stage(s) | Tissue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ins.S | ins-a, ins-b, ins1, insulin, insulin I, preproinsulin, xins | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 44 | endoderm pancreas |
| sst.1.S | smst, som, somatostatin | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 44 | stomach pancreas alimentary system foregut |
| gcg.L | glucagon, proglucagon I | X. laevis | Throughout NF stage 44 | foregut stomach pancreas |
Image source: Published
| Experiment + Assay | Source | Phenotypes and Disease | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xla Wt + neurog3-GR + DEX + NF44 (in situ hybridization) | Fig 1. b |
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| Xla Wt + neurog3-GR + DEX + NF44 (in situ hybridization) | Fig 1. c |
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| Xla Wt + neurog3-GR + DEX + NF44 (in situ hybridization) | Fig 1. e |
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| Xla Wt + neurog3-GR + DEX + NF44 (in situ hybridization) | Fig 1. h |
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