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Fig. 5.
Overexpression of Kdm4a causes a defect of the presumptive trigeminal placode and rescues the repression of neural crest formation by PRDM12. (A–T) WISH analyses using the indicated transcripts. Anterior view of the embryos. (A, E, I, M and Q) Control embryos. (B, F, J, N and R) Embryos injected with Kdm4a mRNA (200 pg/embryo) or (C, G, K, O and S) PRDM12 mRNA (1000 pg/embryo) or (D, H, L, P and T) Kdm4a and PRDM12 mRNAs into the animal poles at the two-cell stage were harvested until stage 15. (A–H) Yellow arrowheads indicate the expression of the trigeminal placode markers Ath3 and Islet1. The expression was reduced by overexpression of Kdm4a mRNA but not by PRDM12 mRNA (C, 93%, n=28; G, 86%, n=35). The reduction of Ath3 and Islet1 was rescued by co-injection with PRDM12 mRNA. (I–P) The expression of the neural crest markers Foxd3 and Slug was not repressed by injection of Kdm4a mRNA, whereas these markers were suppressed by injection of PRDM12 mRNA (K, 53%, n=45; O, 55%, n=42). The repression of neural crest markers by PRDM12 mRNA was also rescued by Kdm4a overexpression. (Q–T) The expression of the neural plate marker Sox2 was largely unaffected. (U–X) WISH analyses using embryos injected with lacZ mRNA (100 pg/embryo) with or without Kdm4a mRNA into one side at the four-cell stage showing the expression of Slug and Foxd3. (U and W) Control embryos (no expansion in 92%, n=25, 96%, n=28, respectively). (V and X) Expansion of Slug and Foxd3 expression in the injected side was observed. Scale bars represent 0.5 mm.
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