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Figure 1. Prdm12 gain and loss of function affects expression of sensory neuronal markers in Xenopus. (A) Real-time qPCR analysis to assess the expression of the indicated genes in stage 28 animal cap explants isolated from Xenopus embryos injected with noggin mRNA, mouse Prdm12 mRNA and treated with retinoic acid (RA) as indicated. Expression levels (fold increase ± SD) were normalized to GAPDH and compared to the expression level of noggin-injected RA treated caps, which was arbitrarily defined as 1. (B) Lateral views of Xenopus tailbud or tadpole stage embryos injected unilaterally with Prdm12 antisense morpholinos (MO) and hybridized with the indicated antisense probes. The injected side is revealed by LacZ staining in blue. Note that all sensory markers tested are upregulated upon Prdm12 overexpression in caps, and in Prdm12 morphant embryos their expression is reduced in trigeminal and epibranchial placodes. (C) Sequence alignment of Homo sapiens (Hos) and Xenopus laevis (Xel) PRDM12 proteins. Orange and blue bars indicate the positions of the SET (PF00856) and ZnF_C2H2 (SM00355) domains, respectively. Conserved residues are boxed. Light blue boxes highlight Cys and His residues which bind the Zn ions. Residues found to be mutated in patients are highlighted with red background and red triangles. NCBI protein accessions NP_067632 and NP_001079854. Alignment was rendered using ESPript (PMID: 24753421 deciphering key features in protein structures with the new ENDscript server). |
