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Directional migration of leading-edge mesoderm generates physical forces: Implication in Xenopus notochord formation during ...

Directional migration of leading-edge mesoderm generates physical forces: Implication in Xenopus notochord formation during gastrulation.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
not.S laevis NF stage 12.5 axial mesoderm

  Fig. 6. Migrating LEM is necessary for normal gastrulation movement and elongation of AM. (A) and (B) Dorsal views of BCR-injected embryos at St. 12.5. The white brackets indicate the diameter of the blastopore. (C) and (D) Expression of Xnot, an AM marker, in a Std.-MO (control) (C) or xFN-MO (D) -injected embryo. The black and gray brackets in (D) indicate the widened and shortened notochord. (E) Quantification of embryos showing gastrulation defects (G.D.). Almost all control embryos were normal (n=39), whereas the BCR-FN morphants (n=30) showed a higher frequency of G.D. If the size of the yolk plug was bigger than a third of the diameter of the embryo, we categorized the sample as severely defective. (F) Quantification of the length and width of Xnot staining. Compared with controls (n=8), the BCR-FN morphants (n=7) showed a widened and shortened notochord. Error bars indicate s.d. **P<0.01. (G) Morphants at a late stage (St. 31). Scale bar: 1 mm. (H) Quantification of the A–P length of the late morphants. The dorsal axis extension was moderately reduced in the BCR-FN morphants (n=31), compared with the Std.-MO-injected embryos (n=21). Error bars indicate s.d. **P<0.01.