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Experiment details for pax3

Hypaxial muscle migration during primary myogenesis in Xenopus laevis.

Hypaxial muscle migration during primary myogenesis in Xenopus laevis.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
pax3.S laevis NF stage 26 dorso-lateral , trunk somite , trigeminal ganglion
pax3.S laevis NF stage 28 brain , notochord , somite , trunk somite , trigeminal ganglion , [+]
pax3.S laevis NF stage 31 brain , notochord , somite , trunk somite , trigeminal ganglion , [+]
pax3.S laevis NF stage 37 and 38 to NF stage 41 brain , notochord , somite , muscle , trunk somite , [+]

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  FIG. 2. Expression patterns of the myogenic transcription factors pax3, myf-5, and myoD. Upregulation of pax3 in the dorso-lateral lip of the anterior trunk somites is apparent at stage 26 (A, arrows). By stage 28/29 pax3-positive cells can be seen leaving the somites and migrating ventrally (B, arrows). At stage 37/38, pax3 cells can be seen at the front of the migration (D) as they continue to stream out of the somites (D, arrow head). Stage-41 embryos have faint pax3 expression at the front of the migrating cells (E, arrows). Early myf-5 expression is restricted to the dorso-medial and ventro-lateral lips of the somites, marking the expanding epaxial myotome (F, G). At stage 31 (H, arrows), myf-5-expressing cells can clearly be seen outside of the somitic region migrating ventrally, and continuing to do so through stages 37/38 (I) and 41 (J, arrows). Expression of myoD is present only in the somitic region (K) until stage 37/38 (N), when it appears in discrete patches clearly separate from the somites (arrows). By stage 41, there are long stripes of myoD expression corresponding to the differentiated ventral body wall muscle (O). Expression is greatest in the ventral-most region of the body wall, where skeletal muscle has most recently differentiated.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
pax3.S laevis NF stage 31 somite , ventral

  FIG. 5. Trunk somites I-VIII contribute to the ventral body wall. Embryos were stained for pax3 followed by 12/101 antibody staining. A stage-31 embryo (A) shows that the three remaining head somites (arrow heads) do not contribute pax3-positive cells to the ventral body wall. A stage-36 embryo (B) shows that trunk somites VII and VIII (arrows) are the last somites to contribute to the ventral body wall. FIG. 6. DiI labeling of migrating myoblasts (A). Arrows mark three points of injection along the anteriorosterior axis targeting the ventro-lateral region of the somites (A). As development of this embryo proceeds, cells labeled by the anterior-most injection migrate first and farthest (B, C, arrows). The cells labeled by the posterior-most injection in the tail region show very little migration.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
pax3.S laevis NF stage 31 to NF stage 41 somite

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  FIG. 7. Neural crest-derived melanophores comigrate with muscle precursors. Expression of pax3 at stages 31 (A), 37/38 (B), and 41 (C) in unbleached embryos. (B, C) Comigration of pax3 staining cells with pigmented melanophores can be seen. Close-ups of pax3 (D), myoD (E), and NCAM (F) expression in stage-39 embryos showing close spatial and temporal movements of melanophores and myoblast precursors. Melanophores can be seen overlying the stained cells. 12/101 staining in stages 37/38 (G) and 41 (H) also matches the ventral extent of the melanophores. Expression of slug in a stage-37 embryo marks melanophores in the ventral trunk region and in the head (I).

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
pax3.S laevis NF stage 37 and 38 to NF stage 41 epithelium , hypaxial muscle

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  FIG. 3. Embryos stained for either pax3 (A) or myoD (E) followed by 12/101 staining. Stage-37 embryos stained for pax3 expression (A, B) reveal the pax3-expressing cells are just ventral to differentiated muscle (arrow heads), with little overlap, as indicated from a transverse section (B) of embryo in (A) (arrow). The lack of overlap is more dramatic in stage-41 embryos (C, arrow). (D) A transverse section of embryo in (C). The arrow shows pax3 expression which does not overlap with 12/101 staining (arrow heads). Stage-37 embryos stained formyoD (E, F) indicate significant overlap ofmyoD expression and differentiatedmuscle (arrow heads in E, arrow in F). At stage 41, overlap of myoD expression continues over a broad range of differentiated muscle (G), which can also be seen in (H) (arrows). In (B), (D), (F), and (H), dorsal is toward the top of the page.