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Fig. 3. Elevation of Smurf levels affects neural and neural crest development. A: Increased levels of Smurf2 led to expansion or ectopic expression
of the neural genes Sox2, NRP1, and Pax6 and reduction of the epidermal marker XK70, but could both up- and down-regulate the neural
plate border genes Slug and Pax3. B: Smurf1 and Smurf2 function similarly to control neural and neural crest development. Together they facilitated
expansion of the neural genes but reduction of the neural crest marker Slug. The numbers of the embryos displaying the shown changes in
marker expression are indicated. |
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Fig. 8. Smurfs regulate ectodermal marker expression. A: Knockdown of Smurf2 slightly reduced the neural marker expression and expanded the epidermal marker XK70, but the neural plate border genes Slug and Pax3 could be both up- and down-regulated in the morphants. B: Knockdown of Smurf1 resulted in slightly reduced Sox2 in a wider domain and decreased Pax6 expression; Slug was also predominantly reduced (10/54 and 35/54 embryos with enhanced and decreased Slug expression, respectively). Depletion of both Smurf1 and Smurf2 caused reduction and disorganization of the Sox2 domain, and decreased expression of both Pax6 and Slug (8/50 and 36/50 embryos, respectively, with enhanced and reduced Slug in 25ng combination of both MOs, and no embryos showed higher expression of Slug in double morphants with 50 ng combination of the MOs). |
