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Fig. 3. Geminin suppresses mesoderm and non-neural ectoderm formation. Top: downregulated genes from microarrays were assayed by qRT-PCR for expression changes upon Geminin overexpression or knockdown in embryos (left) or stage 12 ectodermal explants (center/right). Right panel compares effects of plasmid-driven (125 pg) versus mRNA-based overexpression of full-length-FL/30 pg or δcoil/300 pg Geminin on gene expression. Relative expression normalized to EF1α is shown, control (uninjected embryo/explant) values=1.0. A representative result from at least three independent experiments is shown. Bottom: confirmation of Geminin-downregulated genes by in situ hybridization. Injected region is marked by Red-gal (Grhl1/Zic1/Zic3) or X-gal staining and yellow arrowheads. For Foxi1/Grhl1/Zic1/Zic3, stage 13/neural plate view is shown with dorsal midlines indicated (lines).
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