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Fig. 1. Inhibition of XNF-ATc3 affects neural tube closure. (A) Embryos were either injected in the prospective ectoderm at the one-cell stage with 2 ng DN XNF-ATc3 or treated with 4 mM cyclosporin A (CsA) at stage 10 for 1 hour. Both sets were analyzed for Eng, Krox20, Six1, Pax3, Sox2 and HoxB9 expression at late neurula stages (19-21) by in situ hybridization. Neural tube closure defects were seen at concentrations as low as 250 pg DN XNF-ATc3. White arrowheads indicate expansions in the neural marker expression. (B) WT XNF-ATc3 rescues neural CE defects caused by CsA treatment. The graph represents three different experiments (n=731), which were normalized by the percentage of neural CE defects in embryos that were incubated in 400 μM CsA starting at the 64-cell stage. Co-injection of 2 ng WT XNF-ATc3(4) lead to a rescue of neural CE defects. |
